| The Research
Centre of the Police Sector Council is a centralized repository
for information and ideas on policing. It provides seamless access
to an extensive collection of research - articles, papers, books,
journals, publications, presentations, and conference notes from
writers and scholars all over the world. We welcome your contributions
or recommendations for research of importance. To view the most recent additions to the Research Library select:
Latest Research
We also make avaliable for viewing our current research initiatives and proposals. To view descriptions and details of the research projects we are currently engaged in, please see Latest PSC Research:
Latest PSC Research
Leadership Framework Project
Police Sector Council, 2010
The Police Sector Council is once again collaborating with Canadian policing executives to research and develop tools to address the leadership needs of the sector. This work is being guided by a dedicated Steering Committee of key stakeholders, all working to ensure the initiative culminates in meaningful results. The project is designed to expand the existing Policing CBM Framework, Guide and Toolkit to address senior leadership ranks in terms of competency profiles, leadership development requirements and succession management plans.
Once this work is completed, policing will have a full range of rigorously developed and nationally validated materials, available for FREE to Chiefs and HR managers to support the development and management of its leaders.
Leadership Framework Project - Description deck
Competency Framework Project
Police Sector Council, 2008-2010
The Police Sector Council recently collaborated with Canadian policing Human Resource leaders to develop a competency framework and tools to support Human Resource Management for the policing industry as a whole. This work was supported by HRSG, a professional HR consulting firm who worked with industry leaders to leverage existing practices and develop a nationally relevant system and tools to support police managers responsible for human resources management.
This effort resulted in the development of competency based management (CBM) HR infrastructure information and tools to support police services in Canada. Policing now has rigorously developed and nationally validated materials, available for FREE to Chiefs and HR managers to support local operations. The following are available:
- Policing CBM Framework
- Policing CBM Guide
- Policing CBM Toolkit
Project Information Page
Competency Framework Project - Description deck
E-Learning Projects
Police Sector Council, CPKN
Since 2007, the Police Sector Council (PSC) and the Canadian Police Knowledge Network (CPKN) have collaborated to produce e-learning courses that meet the training needs of the national police community. Funded through the Government of Canada's Sector Council Program, courses are selected for relevance to a frontline police audience and are delivered in both official languages. On release, each course is offered at no cost to members of the Canadian police community for a designated Learning & Evaluation period. L&E events not only provide frontline personnel with free access to priority training, but are also an effective means of assessing and advancing online police training. The national e-learning initiative is an important component of PSC’s mandate to implement innovative, practical solutions to human resource planning and management challenges.
Current free Learning & Evaluation Events (Click on the link to be directed to CPKN’s website):
Other courses developed under the national e-learning initiative include:
Reports:
Perceptions and Attitudes about
Police and Policing as a Career - Ipsos Reid
Police Sector Council, 2010
The Police Sector Council has been working with Ipsos-Reid in the past few years to better understand the youth (18-30 year old) cohort - their attitudes, behaviours and perspectives on policing.
The Research Reports present the latest information collected as part of this longitudinal research. The Focus Reports outline analyses conducted in distinct areas.
2010
Youth Research Report 2010
Focus Report - College Student Attitudes Toward Policing
Focus Report - Career In Policing
2009
Youth Research Report 2009
Focus Report - Attitudes Toward Policing
Focus Report - Career In Policing
Focus Report - Focus on Careers
Environmental Scanning Project
Police Sector Council, 2008
Given the context of demanding policing environments and competitive labour markets, this project focuses on getting HR managers and other sector management to participate in the collective capture and analysis of the information they need to improve decision-making and long-term HR planning. This project will define a national framework for data collection, analysis and reporting and will result in the development of a National Environmental Scan that is meaningful at a regional, provincial and national level to all sector stakeholders.
Letter
PSC Environmental Scan 2009
Social Marketing & Recruitment Portal
Police Sector Council, 2008
The Board of Directors has asked the PSC to examine ways of dealing with the recruitment issues facing policing. We have launched an initiative to build a social marketing campaign and an “e-candidate” portal.
The core components of the value proposition on this project are:
- bigger pool of qualified candidates from all parts of the country
- quick, reliable ways to recruit the best people from that candidate pool
- streamlined application process (from many months now, to potentially few weeks with the portal)
- a national social marketing campaign - build awareness/intent and action for a career in policing by potential candidates and those influencing their decisions
- messaging and images that compliment current agency-specific campaigns
- user-friendly tools and products
- fewer negative attitudes and misconceptions
- greater support from influencers - parents, teachers, family, etc
- positive impacts internally on police self-perception
- re-establish pride in profession
- better retention rates
- leverage employees as recruiters
A draft Final Report is now availalbe for review and comment, please use the links:
PSC Portal Roadmap - Final Report
Appendix A – Development of the e-Recruitment Requirements
Appendix B – Leading Practices in e-Recruitment
Appendix C – e-Recruitment Process Model
Appendix D – Requirements Spreadsheet
Appendix E – Information Architecture
Youth Attitudes Toward Policing - Research Update
Police Sector Council, 2007
The Police Sector Council has been working with Ipsos-Reid in the past few years to better understand the youth (18-30 year old) cohort - their attitudes, behaviours and perspectives on policing.
This document presents an overview of this longitudinal research.
Research Update - Youth Attitudes Toward Policing 2007
Recruitment DVD
Police Sector Council, 2007
The Police Sector Council, working with the CACP-HR Committee, is producing a high-impact DVD which focuses on both the context and a short-term message to increase recruitment efforts across all police services. The DVD will be developed for use and application nationally - police services, government departments at all levels, and education/training institutions.
This project will focus on building awareness of recruitment issues in policing and framing the context for change in recruitment practices. It directly supports the PSC’s strategic priorities - an “informed, networked and integrated” police sector. It also addresses the lack of a common, sector-wide approach to recruitment and the inefficient management of recruitment budgets. The results of this project will encourage sector horizontality and improve HR planning and management.
Recruitment DVD RFP
Recruitment DVD - "Building the Case for Change"
HR Diagnostic
Police Sector Council, 2007
The Council conducted a comprehensive diagnostic of policing HR practices in four main areas: Competencies, Recruitment & Retention, Education & Training, and Leadership. The project involved collecting information from police organizations across Canada to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of current tools and practices and to make recommendations to better meet the needs of policing management. HayGroup was selected by the Evaluation Committee to undertake this work. The project was managed by the council and directed by a project Steering Committee made up of various stakeholders across the sector. Every Canadian police service. HR practitioners, training professionals, recruits, chiefs, and every police officer in Canada had an opportunity to participate in this project. The findings and recommendations are presented in the final report.
Reports
Latest Research
The Identification of Participation Barriers Associated with Employment Testing in the Ontario Constable Selection System
Sgt. Glenn Hadley, London Police Service, 2009
North America’s aging population is poised to generate significant strains within the labour market over the next few decades. The profession of law enforcement, specifically policing, has recognized that it has entered an era where the recruitment process can no longer passively attract applicants. As such, the existence of a testing protocol such as the one employed by the Ontario Constable Selection System was examined to assess whether barriers within the process discouraged candidates from competing for a career in the policing profession. A qualitative analysis determined that factors related to the perceived validity of the test, financial cost, and perceived fairness, discouraged potential applicants from competing.
View Document
Prescription Drug-Related Crimes/Occurrences in Northeastern Ontario
Chief Paul Cook (OACP Director), and Ms. Reggie Caverson (Sr. Consultant CAMH), 2010
This paper discusses the results of a survey of all police services in Northeastern Ontario on occurrences/crimes related to prescribed narcotics (opioids) over a one-year period. The purpose of the survey was to develop a picture of the relationship between prescribed opioids and crime in the northeast; training and crime prevention strategies being used to address prescription drug diversion; community partnership opportunities that have developed and potential future action.
View Document
Career and Leadership Development Project: Annotated Bibliography
Calgary Police Service, 2009
This document presents an annotated bibliography resulting from the research conducted by the Calgary Police Service into Career and Leadership Development.
View Document
Female Participation in the Police Promotion Process:
Are women competing for promotion in numbers proportionate to their
statistical representation in policing?
Supt. Brent Shea, 2009
Since its origin policing has existed as a male dominated para-military profession. It is
only in the past two decades that women have navigated into police organizations with
increasing mass. This research is focused on the positioning of women in the police
management hierarchy subsequent to acquiring experience and tenure. Using primary
research acquired from Ontario Police Services, viewed within the theoretical context of
organizational culture, systemic discrimination, pipeline and glass ceiling theories, this
paper examines the participation rate of female officers in the police promotion process.
View Document
CROSSING THE RUBICON: IDENTIFYING RESPECTFUL LEADERSHIP
BEHAVIOURS AT THE RANK OF SERGEANT IN THE CALGARY POLICE SERVICE
Insp Tam Pozzobon, 2009
The Calgary Police Service has undergone significant organizational change over the past
few years. Changing demographics, increased accountability to the public, and rapid technological advances have resulted in a shift in organizational culture. The historical
command-and-control leadership of paramilitary organizations is no longer effective at
managing the complex issues of major city police services. The study asked police sergeants
to identify what leadership behaviours contributed to a culture of respectful leadership.
Results clearly indicated five overarching leadership behaviours were critical to respectful
leadership. The recommendations of the study focus on developing a respectful workplace,
building an organizational culture of trust, and creating continuous leadership development.
View Document
Police Resources in Canada
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
Statistics Canada, 2009
This report is based upon data collected through the Police Administration Survey conducted by Statistics Canada.
This survey collects data on police personnel and expenditures from each municipal, provincial and federal (Royal
Canadian Mounted Police [RCMP]) police service in Canada. Data presented in this report represent police
personnel as of May 15 2009 and final expenditures for the year 2008 (or 2008/2009 for those services operating
on a fiscal year).
View Document
Measuring Crime
in Canada:
Introducing the
Crime Severity
Index and
Improvements
to the Uniform
Crime Reporting
Survey
Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
Statistics Canada 2009
This report introduces the Crime Severity Index, a new tool for measuring police-reported crime in Canada that for the
first time tracks changes in the severity of crime, not just volume.The report also examines how crime is measured
in Canada, as well as recent improvements to statistics on crime that are gathered from the police.
The Crime Severity Index is the first major change to the reporting of police-reported crime statistics since the
collection of these data began in the early 1960s. It is designed to measure change in the overall seriousness of
crime from one year to the next, as well as relative differences in the seriousness of crime across the country.
The Index is an additional tool which can be used to further enhance our ability to understand the evolving nature of
crime in Canada.
View Document
Ontario's Role in the Labour Market Integration of Newcomers
Ministry of Citizenship and Integration Ontario 2009
View Presentation
Unlocking the DNA of the Adaptable Workforce
Global Human Capitla Study, IBM, 2008
More than ever, today’s global organizations are
focusing their time and attention on maximizing the
value of their workforces. As corporations, nonprofits
and government entities are becoming more
globally integrated, and as traditional geographic
and competitive boundaries disappear, the need to
identify, develop and connect talent has never been
more critical.
For the last several months, we have been holding
discussions with senior HR executives from around the
world to better understand the challenges companies
encounter as they work to more effectively attract,
allocate and invest in their human capital. More than
400 organizations from 40 countries, across a range
of sizes, industries and geographies, participated in
these sessions.
The results have been enlightening, as they provide
guidance not only to the HR function, but also to the
entire organization.
Full Document
STORYTELLING FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN A TECHNOLOGY-MEDIATED POLICE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT
Ken Anderson, William Muirhead, 2009
Educational technology is frequently used in professional development. E-learning platforms and computer-based training have found a place in current development pedagogies. This study examines the use of a technology-mediated learning environment for the professional development of police officers. Storytelling is a well-entrenched method to pass on experience to novice police officers. The marriage of storytelling with a police technology-mediated learning environment is an idea born of the desire to make these environments more engaging, while employing a learning method that has proven to be beneficial in police circles. A qualitative research methodology is used to examine this idea, and test for its use and application for the future.
View Research
Governance and accountability in a
plural policing environment - the story so far
Philip Stenning,
Centre for Criminological Research,
Institute for Law, Politics & Justice,
Keele University, U.K., 2009
View this article
Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice
Latest Issue: Vol 3, Issue 3, 2009
A leading policy and practice publication aimed at senior police officers, policy makers, and academics, this peer-reviewed journal will contain in-depth comment and critical analysis on a wide range of topics including current ACPO policy, police reform, political and legal developments, training and education, specialist operations, accountability, and human rights.
View Journal
How Gen Y & Boomers Will Reshape Your Agenda
Harvard Business Review, 2009
• Two large surveys of college graduates reveal remarkable similarities in workplace preferences between Baby Boomers and Generation Y—the oldest and youngest groups in the emerging workforce.
• Both Boomers and Gen Ys want to contribute to society through their labor; seek flexible working arrangements; value social connections at work and loyalty to a company; and prize other rewards of employment over monetary compensation.
• Given the large size of these generational cohorts—relative to Generation X, which lies between them—their workplace demands have significant practical implications for how employers should design work environments to attract and keep talent.
Full Article
Combating White Collar Crime in Canada:
Serving Victim Needs and Market Integrity
Michael Kempa, 2009
On December 10-11, 2008, the Canadian Police College (CPC) and the Bank of Canada
conjointly hosted a symposium entitled "White Collar Crime in Canada: an Integrated
Law-Enforcement Approach". More than 60 senior officials from law-enforcement
organizations, regulatory agencies, investigative bodies, Federal government policy and
regulatory departments, the major banking institutions, academia and the private sector
were brought together to "explore the opportunities and challenges for improving a
coherent approach to address white-collar crime in Canada".
This document is both a summary of the symposium proceedings and a pathfinder piece
outlining the principal challenges and some of the elements of a strategy forward for
regulating markets and controlling white-collar crime in Canada.
Report
Juristat
Statistics Canada, 2009
This periodical is of interest to all those who plan, establish, administer and evaluate justice programs and projects, as well as to anyone who has an interest in Canada's justice system. It provides analysis and detailed statistics on a variety of justice-related topics and issues. There are annual articles on areas of recurring interest such as:
- Crime
- Homicide
- Youth and adult courts
- Correctional services
Other articles focus on topics of current interest to the justice community.
Report
Public Risk From Tasers: Unacceptably high or low enough to accept?
Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, January 2009
Tasers, like nuclear weapons, haloperidol, fireworks, and even scissors, can be dangerous in untrained hands. However, banning tasers will not necessarily make the public safer. Despite the controversy surrounding taser use in North America, the question surrounding taser use should not be "Is it safe?" but, rather, "Is it as safe as, or safer than, the alternatives?"
In this issue of CJEM, Han and colleagues1 report a case of ocular trauma sustained from a taser. It is possible that the injury described in this case will add to the continuing controversial calls by some that conducted energy weapons (CEWs), like the taser, be prohibited. But before we throw out the baby with the bathwater, let's reconsider our options.
Report
Canadian Labour Market at a Glance
Statistics Canada, 2009
The Canadian Labour Market at a Glance presents charts and highlights of key trends in Canada’s job market. This publication is intended for a variety of users, including those working in government, educational and financial institutions, and the media, as well as any other organizations and individuals interested in the different aspects
the labour market.
The publication contains 101 charts with historical and current data from surveys conducted mainly by Statistics Canada. Each graph is accompanied by two to six highlights explaining the key trends associated with the topic. The charts contain annual average data. The length of the time series depends on the availability of data. The oldest data are from 1976, and the most recent from 2007. Unless otherwise indicated, the graphs present national data.
Report
Operational
Evaluation of the
New Zealand Taser
Trial
New Zealand Police, 2008
The NZ Police Taser trial was conducted from 1 September 2006 to 31 August 2007 in the
Police Districts of Auckland, Waitematā, Counties Manukau and Wellington. This arose from a
review initiated by the NZ Commissioner of Police following the fatal shooting of Stephen
Wallace in 2000. This review examined less lethal weapons options for managing violent
individuals to ensure tactics and equipment are the most effective, and least likely to endanger
the safety of police, the public and offenders. A conducted energy weapon, or electro muscular
incapacitation device was identified as a potentially relevant option.
Report
MUNICIPAL POLICE GOVERNANCE IN CANADA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BOARD STRUCTURE AND POLICE INDEPENDENCE
Darren R. Caul, 2009
Municipal police boards in Canada serve an important function as they strive to mediate competing but compatible notions of police accountability and police independence; doctrines essential to a liberal democracy. There is considerable variation in the structure of Canadian police boards and this major paper examines their relationship with police independence. Through an empirical survey of Canadian municipal police chiefs that report to a police board, this pan-Canadian study is the first of its kind in more than 20 years. The findings refuted any significant relationship between police board structure and police independence, and offered a generally positive outlook on the current state of police governance in Canada. However, the results also suggested a persistence of political interference and pressure in policing revealing serious blind spots in police governance. The research findings presented in this major paper were contextualized through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and offer a timely contribution to the paucity of knowledge surrounding police governance in Canada today.
Report
The retirement plans and expectations of older workers
General Social Survey Report, Statistics Canada 2008
After many years of public discussion about Canada’s aging population, the leading edge of the baby boom generation is now on the cusp of retirement. Focusing on Canadians aged 45 to 59, this article examines the age at which individuals intend to retire, the certainty of their plans, and their expectations regarding their retirement income. Evidence from the 2007 General Social Survey is used to show how retirement plans and expectations are related to demographic, employment and financial characteristics.
Report
The retirement puzzle: Sorting the pieces
General Social Survey Report,
Statistics Canada 2008
Do Canadians have the information they need to plan for retirement? Drawing on data from the 2007 General Social survey, this article examines the ‘informational resources’ of Canadians aged 45 to 59. While most individuals receive financial advice, understand the basic structure of their pension, and say they understand Canada’s public retirement income programs, significant proportions do not. The characteristics associated with differences in this regard are examined.
Report
Policing Capacity in Canada:
Scarce Resources or Infinite Potential?
Final Report from the Institute for Strategic International Studies
ISIS 2008
In January 2008, twenty-one senior police leaders began a six-month research
study within the framework of the Institute for Strategic International
Studies (ISIS). The Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP)
chose policing capacity as the compelling theme behind its global executive
development experience for 2008. The 21 members of ISIS 2008 represented
the senior sworn and civilian ranks of 13 federal, provincial, regional
and local agencies from across the country, and they traveled to 11
nation-states in pursuit of new insights.
In this final report we, the ISIS 2008 members, reframe the capacity question
and depart from traditional debates on staffing and budgetary levels.
Instead, we offer a point of view which begins and ends with the ongoing
alignment of policing resources with the changing needs and expectations
of Canadian civil society. With alignment as the foundation, our team proposes
five parallel themes in which new strategies and initiatives will lead
to solutions and better harness the infinite potential of Canada’s policing
system – a system which is envied around the world.
Report
Towards a framework for
Integrated cross-border law enforcement initiatives
Canadian Association of Police Boards, 2008
In recent years, both Canada and the U.S. have sought to formalize cooperative law enforcement, security and border management practices and processes through a number of bi-national commitments. New and stronger partnerships have been forged at and across the border, enhancing the capacity to identify, assess and target mutual public safety and national security threats.
Building on successful cooperative efforts to date, new and innovative cross-border law enforcement models are being explored. Among these are integrated cross-border law enforcement operations involving designated Canadian and U.S. law enforcement officers who, while working together, would be authorized to enforce the law on both sides of the international boundary line.
Letter, CAPB President
Report - not currently available
Public Safety Leadership Development: A 21st Century Imperative
Ellen Scrivner, PhD,
John Jay Leadership Academy, 2008
Lack of attention to public safety leadership is occurring at a time when the world has become decidedly more complex and multi-dimensional. New public safety challenges are emerging that are beyond those of dealing with the career criminal. They can range from pressures to enforce immigration laws to responding to alarming levels of youth violence; from homeland security concerns to escalating gun crime and shooting rampages; from the homeless mentally ill to the large numbers of individuals being released from prison. Yet, there is a void in reality-based education of public safety leaders, a void that theories of leadership, years of corporate research, or models adapted from the United States military cannot fill. Filling this void is critical to shaping the next generation of public safety leaders, supporting current leaders, and building leadership capacity for the field.
Report
Leadership Matters: Canadian Police Executive Education and Development
Ron Bain, Paul MacKenna
HQ Magazine, Summer 2008
The challenges associated with Canadian police executive education and development form an integral part of our policing history. When one reads the excellent history of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police by Greg Marquis, it is clear that professional development was an early and persistent concern for our police leaders.
If we fast-forward to modern times, it is apparent that police leadership development continues to be a matter of importance for those tasked with the responsibility for the health and well-being of their organizations. However, there are interesting and compelling issues at play between these historical extremes. It is useful to explore some key considerations that relate to the evolution and current state-of-the-art in Canadian police executive education.
Article
Changing the Face of Leadership From Within; Gender Differences in Leadership Styles.
Jane Hall, 2008
There appears to be as many definitions of leadership as there are authors. One of the simpler faces of leadership within an organization is positional leadership, where a person’s ability to influence their organization is linked to their rank or position within an organization. This is a narrow definition, but easily quantifiable and fairly indisputable. It is also a good indicator of the traits the organization has chosen to recognize and reward as leadership.
A recent update on the trends within the policing community in Canada has identified a looming leadership crisis; 40-50% of existing executive level leaders (positional leaders) are due for retirement. This “crisis” may be an unprecedented opportunity to rethink who should occupy those leadership positions. A second trend indicates female police officers are proportionally underrepresented in positional leadership positions, particularly in some very large police organizations has also emerged. This article expores these themes.
Article
Crime Stats in Canada 2007
Juristat, Statistics Canada, 2008
Each July, the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) releases its annual report
on police-reported crime in Canada. This report presents information on the short and
long-term trends in overall, violent, property-related and drug crime at the national,
provincial/territorial and census metropolitan area (CMA) levels.
The data are drawn from the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Survey, a census survey of
all crime known to and substantiated by police services. These crime statistics conform
to a nationally-approved set of common crime categories and defi nitions and have been
systematically reported by police services and submitted to the CCJS each year since
1962.
Report
Guidelines on Memory and the Law: Recommendations from the Scientific Study of Human Memory
The British Psychological Society, 2008
Can the law trust your memory? Witness's memories are vital to the law and justice but memory is much more fallible than we realize.
On Friday 11 July, The British Psychological Society launched a set of guidelines developed to provide people who work in law with the latest scientific evidence to consider issues relating to memory. The report is the culmination of an international working group set up by the Research Board of the British Psychological Society to study the latest evidence on human memory and how that evidence could be of use to the legal professions.
The report has some sobering key points on the reliability of people's memories in court cases. Key points of 'Memory and Law' include:
* The content of memories arises from an individual's comprehension of an experience, both conscious and non-conscious. This content can be further modified and changed by subsequent recall
* Any account of a memory will feature forgotten details and gaps
* People can remember events that they have not in reality experienced
Professor Martin Conway of Leeds University, the main author of the report, said: "In many legal cases, memory may feature as the main, or the only source of evidence, and is nearly always critical to the course and outcome of the case or litigation. It is therefore vital that those involved in legal work are well informed of developments in the scientific study of
memory - how memories are created, their content, and how they are remembered for example. There is a tendency for people involved in the criminal justice system to influence witnesses memories of events, intentionally or unintentionally. This might be by asking leading questions or by reinforcing memories while recapping what a witness has said. We have developed these guidelines to provide an accessible and scientifically accurate basis from which they can consider relevant legal issues relating to memory."
Memory and the Law Guidelines
For further details please contact Liz Beech (e-mail: liz.beech@bps.org.uk; tel: +44 (0)116 252 9928).
Grassroots Governance: Governance & the Non-Profit Sector
Certified General Accountants of Ontario, 2008
The Certified General Accountants of Ontario has generously agreed to share their recent publication with CSAE members. It's designed to help volunteers better understand their role in good governance and to guide organizations in their desire to balance transparency and accountability. (We also have a limited quantity of print editions for those who prefer hard copies of the booklet).
Note: For future reference this article may be found in the 'Free Publications Library' at www.csae.com.
Read the complete article
Canadian Social Trends: Québec 1608-2008: 400 years of censuses
Statistics Canada, 2008
Conceived to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Québec City’s founding, Québec 1608-2008: 400 years of censuses, offers a demographic portrait of a city in accordance with data accumulated from the very first census- conducted during winter 1665-1666 by Intendant Jean Talon until the most recent census which took place in 2006.
Report
Towards Equity and Efficiency in Policing
A Report On Policing Roles, Responsibilities And Resources In Canada
Federation of Canadian Municipalities, 2008
Towards Equity and Efficiency in Policing, shows how municipalities have seen their share of policing costs rise dramatically over the last 20 years, while municipal police forces have had to take on more and more of the traditional federal enforcement role.
The estimate of more than $500 million is the value the report places on the amount of time municipal police officers spend enforcing federal laws or delivering federal mandates. It is based on 10 per cent of the annual $5.39 billion spent by municipal governments on local police services.
Full Report
Fight Fraud on the Front Lines
Bank of Canada, 2008
The Bank of Canada, in collaboration with the RCMP and other police agencies, Payment Card Partners (representing Visa, MasterCard, and Interac issuers and acquirers), Canada Post, and several industry associations, has developed Fighting Fraud on the Front Lines: a Retailer's Guide.
This innovative program provides easy-to-follow advice on how Canadian retailers can avoid becoming victims of bank note counterfeiting, payment card crime, cheque and money order fraud, and identity theft. The kit includes a DVD featuring closed captioning, with four short video clips depicting victims of financial fraud, followed by information on how to protect yourself from these scams. The accompanying fact sheets offer tips, statistics, and contact information.
Reports and DVD
A Report on Cyber Crime in Canada
Deloitte Study, Canadian Association of Police Boards, April 2008
Cyber crime is now the most significant challenge facing law enforcement organizations in
Canada. The results of a nationwide Deloitte survey, commissioned by the Canadian Association of
Police Boards (CAPB) to determine the magnitude and impact of cyber crime on Canadians, has indicated
that cyber crime is a much more serious threat than previously believed. CAPB considers the results
of this survey to represent a “call to action.”
“We knew that many law enforcement agencies were seeing impacts but, without good numbers, it was
hard to get a true sense of how significant the threat was,” says Ian Wilms, chair of the Canadian Association
of Police Boards. “We now know, thanks to our survey and the efforts of other organizations, that
cyber crime is surpassing drug trafficking and is very close to becoming the #1 crime in the nation.”
Media Release
Fast Facts
Recommendations
Full Study
Youth Crime in Canada
Juristat, Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics
Statistics Canada, 2008
In 2006, the national crime rate was down 3% over the previous year and was the
lowest it had been in more than 25 years. However, the youth crime rate, which
includes youth (12 to 17 years of age) formally charged or recommended to the Crown
for charging by police as well as youth cleared by means other than the laying of a
charge, was up 3% from a year earlier. Moreover, since 1961 when statistics were
first available, the rate of homicides committed by young people under the age of
18 was at an all-time high. Still, the youth crime rate in 2006 was substantially lower
than in the early 1990s. Additionally, the replacement of the Young Offenders Act
(YOA) with the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in 2003 has brought significant
changes to how the criminal justice system in Canada responds to youth involved
in criminal activities.
This Juristat presents a picture of youth crime in Canada, as reported to police and
examines trends in the youth crime rate since its peak in 1991 as well as recent
trends in crimes committed by youth, with particular reference to the period following
the implementation of the YCJA.
Report
Global Economic Trends: Which Way Forward?
An interview with Jim Carroll, 2008
Jim Carroll is frequently approached by global news organizations
to comment on economic issues. He was recently
interviewed by a national broadcaster for his perspective
on how the economy will be impacted by recent
global events. This document summarizes key components
of the interview.
Interview
Employability in Canada: Preparing for the Future
Standing Committee on Human Resources, Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities, April 02, 2008
The Standing Committee on Human Resources, Social Development and the Status of Persons with Disabilities has tabled a report in the House of Commons entitled Employability in Canada: Preparing for the Future. Framed in the context of skills shortages that are expected to emerge as Canada's labour force ages, the Committee embarked on a study covering a wide range of employability issues including, for example, investments in human capital, increased labour force participation, worker mobility, the recognition of foreign workers' credentials, immigration and the use of temporary foreign workers. The Committee's report proposes a number of measures to bolster the participation of under-represented groups in the labour market as well as increase investments in education and training, both of which contribute to improving productivity and economic prosperity. The report contains 70 recommendations, not all of which were unanimously endorsed. The Committee requested a comprehensive response from the Government within 120 days.
Report
Constabulary Duties -
When did the phrase “to serve and protect” begin to ring so hollow?
Paul McKenna, Literary Review of Canada, 2008
Policing in Canada is evolving in ways that need public discussion, and the LRC is happy to start the ball rolling with a provocative essay by security consultant Paul McKenna in our March issue. Tasers are just the beginning of a more hi-tech hands-off approach to "constabulary duties" that McKenna believes runs counter to the values of community policing many Canadian cities were exploring in the 1990s.
Full Article
Research Towards Alternative Futures: Policing in Practice
Michael Kempa, 2008
Presentation delivered to the CACP "Building private security & public policing partnerships" conference of January 30-31 2008 in Toronto.
Full Report
RCMP Environment Scan
RCMP, 2007
Drawing from a wide range of open-source material, the 2007 Environmental Scan provides an overview of relevant macro-level trends shaping and impacting the organization's operating environment. The trends are articulated across seven thematic dimensions: Demographics, Society, Economy, Politics & Government, Science & Technology, Environment and Public Safety & Security.
Full Report
A Matter of Trust - Report of the Independent
Investigator into Matters
Relating to RCMP Pension
and Insurance Plans
D. Brown, 2007
On March 29, 2007, the Honourable Stockwell Day, Minister of Public Safety, announced an independent investigation into the RCMP's response to allegations surrounding the RCMP pension and insurance plans. The announcement followed testimonies by current and former members of the RCMP to the House of Commons Standing Committee on Public Accounts. On April 13th, the Government appointed Mr. David Brown to lead the investigation. His final report was submitted to the Government on June 15, 2007.
Full Report
2006 Census of Population - Language, immigration and citizenship, mobility and migration
Statistics Canada, 2007
Statistics Canada released the results of the 2006 Census of Population for Language, Immigration, Citizenship, Mobility and migration. Click here to access census data online: http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census/index.cfm
Police Resources in Canada
Statistics Canada, 2007
This report has two components. The first is an analytical component that examines trends in police personnel and expenditures at the national, provincial and census metropolitan area (CMA) levels, including data by rank and gender. Context is provided in terms of changes in the size of populations policed and in terms of rates in other countries. The second is a tabular component that summarizes crime, personnel and expenditure statistics for all municipal police departments in Canada. Key rates such as population per officer, per capita costs, overall crime rates and clearance rates are included for each police service. Security, both public and private, has recently become a strong public concern, and this may lead to changes in some areas of policing. The analysis of trends in key ratios such as per capita costs, population per officer, police to civilian ratios and the number of offences per officer can help shed some light on how the police community is responding to a changing environment.
Full Report
Who should the police be in an age of polycentric governance?
Clifford Shearing,
2007
This is the opening, plenary address given by Clifford Shearing at "Exploring New Frontiers and Looking at the Future of Policing", on 15-10-07, the
International Association of Law Enforcement Meeting: Planners Annual Training Conference, hosted by the Calgary Police Service in Calgary, 14th-19th October 2007.
Full Address
CAREER ADVANCEMENT IN CORPORATE CANADA:
A Focus on Visible Minorities ~ Survey Findings
Catalyst and Ryerson University, 2007
In today’s globally competitive marketplace, organizations cannot afford to underutilize any segment of the
talent pool. Demographic shifts and globalization are exerting pressures on both the workforce and the
marketplace. A growing proportion of Canada’s labour force consists of visible minority individuals, and these
talented, hard-working women and men will be critical to the performance of Canadian companies and firms in
the decades to come.
Yet, until now, little has been known about the experiences of visible minorities employed in Canada’s largest
businesses—the place where skills and opportunity come together most directly.
This report begins to fill this gap by highlighting findings from the single largest national survey that focuses on
the careers of visible minority managers, professionals, and executives working in corporate Canada today. More
than 17,000 managers, professionals, and executives employed in 43 large publicly traded and privately held
companies and professional service firms across the country responded to this survey.
Exec Summary
Report
Recruiting and Retaining Women: A Self Assessment Guide for Law Enforcement
National Centre for Women and Policing, 2007
The National Center for Women & Policing developed this manual, Recruiting
& Retaining Women: A Self-Assessment Guide for Law Enforcement, to assist law
enforcement agencies in hiring and retaining more women employees.
The step by step guide is designed to help agencies examine their policies
and procedures and to identify and remove obstacles to hiring and retaining
sworn and civilian women employees at all levels within the organization.
The guide also provides a list of resources for agencies to use when planning
or implementing changes to their current policies and procedures.
Report
Looking Ahead: A 10-Year Outlook for the Canadian Labour Market
Human Resources and Social Development Canada, 2007
In this report, the Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS) is used to identify trends over the medium term in the level, composition and sources of labour demand and labour supply, and in the industrial and occupational distribution of employment in Canada. A key objective of HRSDC's labour market projections is to identify occupations where imbalances between supply and demand could develop or persist over time. The information derived from such projections helps in addressing policy issues such as the impact of the expected retirement of large numbers of workers on occupational labour demand and the role of the education system in meeting future skill requirements. We do hope that the information provided in the report is also useful to other parties interested in the future developments on the Canadian labour market.
Report
HR Transformation: It's all about the business
Mercer, 2006
This document presents Mercer's second global study on the state of HR transformation. The new 2006 study updates their 2003 findings and includes responses from nearly 1,400 organizations in Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America, New Zealand and North America (Canada and the US). It reveals that the HR function continues to evolve and transform around the world.
Full Document - Global results
Secondary Document - North American results
Police Resources in Canada
Statistics Canada, 2006
This report has two components. The first is an analytical component that examines trends in police personnel and expenditures at the national, provincial and census metropolitan area (CMA) levels, including data by rank and gender. Context is provided in terms of changes in the size of populations policed and in terms of rates in other countries. The second is a tabular component that summarizes crime, personnel and expenditure statistics for all municipal police departments in Canada. Key rates such as population per officer, per capita costs, overall crime rates and clearance rates are included for each police service. Security, both public and private, has recently become a strong public concern, and this may lead to changes in some areas of policing. The analysis of trends in key ratios such as per capita costs, population per officer, police to civilian ratios and the number of offences per officer can help shed some light on how the police community is responding to a changing environment.
Full Report
Profiling a problem in
Canadian police leadership: the Kingston Police data collection project
Closs, William J. and Paul F. McKenna, 2006
Closs, William J. and Paul F. McKenna (2006). "Profiling a problem in
Canadian police leadership: the Kingston Police data collection project."
In Canadian Public Administration, Vol. 49, No. 2 (Summer 2006), pp.
143-160.
Canadian Public Administration is the official journal of the Institute of
Public Administration of Canada (IPAC) and is sent to a broad international
audience, including Canadian academics, public administrators, and
consultants.
A New Reality for Police Leadership in Canada
Institute for Strategic International Studies, 2006
The paper presents a high level review of the present state of policing in Canada, explores the observations, insights and assessments on policing across a number
of countries in Europe and culminates in an analysis on how these models address the
concept of integration and meet the tests of affordability, accountability, sustainability and ethics. The European experience is reviewed against the current Canadian situation.
The paper concludes with a discussion and recommendations on how ISIS 2006 believes policing
in Canada can be better positioned for the future through an enhanced role of the CACP
and the national police leadership community.
ISIS 2006 is calling for the development and
adoption of a national policing strategy, built by police leaders and based upon a system
of national standards of police service delivery.
Full Report
Back Up
The Homeland Security Delimma: The Imaginations of Failure and the Escalating Costs of Perfecting Success
Canadian Affairs & Foreign Defence Institute, Frank
P. Harvey, Phd, 2006
In this study, Dr. Frank Harvey tackles a newly discovered phenomenon in public reaction to the
new high-security regimes that have developed in the west since 9/11 and the implications for
Canada.
Harvey shows that 9/11 sparked off a massive increase in public spending on national or
homeland security in Canada and the United States (not to mention western Europe, Australia,
etc.), but that the greater the spending increases, the greater the public sense of insecurity.
Full Report
Back Up
In search of security: The future of policing in Canada
The Law Commission of Canada, 2006
This report discusses the changes in the provision of security to
Canadians. It reviews security arrangements, discusses the growth
of networks of private and public policing, reviews the history
of policing, examines governance issues, the legal environment,
considers values and examines different ways of regulating policing
in Canada.
Full Report
Back Up
Canadian Labour Market At A Glance
Statistics Canada, 2006
The Canadian Labour Market at a Glance presents charts and highlights of key trends in
Canada’s job market. It is a comprehensive document that synthesizes and analyzes information from numerous surveys and data sources.
Full Report
Back Up
Policing Environment 2005
Police Sector Council
Since the release of the initial 2000 Study, much has happened domestically
and internationally to affect the Canadian police community. To
gain an accurate picture of the current environment, and to lay
a strong foundation for the work of the Council, the PSC conducted
the 2005 scan. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC)
funded the research.
Through the 2005 scan, the Council presents important findings:
• key demographic info about the workforce in general and
policing in particular;
• labour market projections including representation in employment
equity groups;
• operational and public policy issues such as private vs.
public policing;
• federal/provincial authorities, governance and oversight;
• describing the use of technology such as e-learning.
Full Report
Back Up
Canadian Police - HR Inventory
Police Sector
Council, 2005
In the spring of 2005, the Council surveyed more than 200 police
services across Canada to determine what actions, if any, had been
taken to address the issues identified in the Sector Study.
Chiefs of police and other senior executives were asked about a
range of topics including HR planning tools and forecasts, training
and research. When asked for their top HR issues, recruiting was
identified as the overwhelming priority. Click below for a summary
of the survey findings.
Executive Summary
Back Up
Youth Attitudes Towards Policing
Police Sector
Council, 2005
In an effort to gain greater insight into youth attitudes towards
policing as a career, the Council participated in a national public
opinion survey called "Reconnecting Government with Youth 2005."
The Ipsos-Reid survey questioned 2,001 Canadians between the ages
of 12 and 30 to gauge their perceptions and opinions on a wide variety
of issues relevant to the public sector.
Specific to policing, the survey found that only 5% of respondents
planned to pursue a career as a police officer, compared to 19%
for health care and 18% for both education and the trades. However,
when asked specifically about policing as a career, more than a
third of the youth participants indicated they would consider it.
The vast majority of respondents agreed that policing is meaningful
work and a rewarding career, although more than half (57%) of the
youth suggested the work is too dangerous.
Click below for a Summary of the findings directly related to policing
or for access to the complete survey data.
Executive Summary
Full
Report
Back Up
Youth and Substance Abuse - Girls Emerge as
Leading Risk Takers, 2006
The latest research on substance abuse points to a change in trends
– teenage girls are using cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana,
and are abusing prescription drugs more than boys.
Youth aged 12-17 were surveyed as part of the US government’s
National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Overall illicit drug use
for this age group has decreased 19 percent since 2001, but the
statistics indicate girls are the emerging leaders for risk taking
behaviour.
Click below for a Summary of the findings directly related to policing.
Executive Summary
Back Up
Crime Statistics in Canada,
Statistics Canada, 2005
The annual report on crime statistics presents an analysis of the police-reported data in 2005. These data are presented within the context of both short and long term trends. Data are examined at the national, provincial and territorial levels, as well as for major metropolitan areas by type of crime. The report distinguishes between violent crime, property crime, other Criminal Code offences, impaired driving, drug offences and youth crime.
Full Document
Back Up
Hiring and Keeping Police Officers
National Institute of Justice, 2004
the National Institute of Justice (NIJ), at the request of the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS Office), examined the recent experiences of police agencies nationwide in hiring and retaining sworn officers. The NIJ study, conducted by the Urban Institute, looked at what determines the size of police agencies; the amount of time it takes to hire, train, and deploy officers and the problems encountered in doing so; officers’ length of service at an agency and reasons
for leaving; and whether positions initially funded with Federal grants were retained after the grants expired.
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